نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، ایران.
2 استاد گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، ایران.
4 ستاد گروه روان‌شناسی صنعتی و سازمانی، دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز، ایران.
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف تعیین تأثیر بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری با در نظر گرفتن نقش میانجیگرانه خودتأملی انجام گرفت. مطالعه از نوع پژوهش‌های همبستگی با استفاده از مدل یابی علی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کلیه کارکنان شرکت پالایش گاز پارسیان تشکیل دادند که از میان آنها 178 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه از میان واحدهای مختلف پالایشگاه از طریق نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب گردید. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل مقیاس بهوشیاری (ذهن آگاهی)، خودتأملی و بینش و سبک‌های تصمیم‌گیری بود. تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق الگوی معادلات ساختاری و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار AMOS21 انجام گرفت. شاخص‌های برازش مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری الگوی پیشنهادی را تأیید کردند. نتایج نشان دادند که بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) بر خودتأملی (01/0 p <)، خودتأملی بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری (05/0 p <) و بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری تأثیر مستقیم معنادار (01/0 p <) دارد. همچنین بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری از طریق خودتأملی دارای تأثیر غیرمستقیم معنادار (01/0 p <) است. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش می‌توان چنین نتیجه‌گیری نمود که بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) هم به‌صورت مستقیم و هم از طریق خودتأملی، می‌تواند بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری کارآمد تأثیر بگذارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
the Effect of Mindfulness on Styles of Decision-Making among Employees of Parsian Gas Refining Company: Mediating Role of Self-Reflection
نویسندگان [English]
- fatemeh amini 1
- hossein zare 2
- Ali Reza Agha Yosefi 3
- Seyed Esmaeil Hashemi 4
1 Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Payame Noor, Tehran, Iran.
4 Professor, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]
The main purpose of this research was to study the effect of mindfulness on decision-making styles with considering the mediating role of self-reflection. The study was correlational and the population included all employees of Parsian Gas Refining Company (working there, in winter 1396). 178 people were selected through Stratified random sampling method. Research instruments consisted of Mindfulness Questionnaire, Self-reflection Scale and Decision Making Styles Questionnaire. Data were analyzed with the use of Structural Equation Model (SEM) through AMOS-16 software packages. Analysis of structural equation modeling indicated that default model fit the data. The results also showed that there is significant direct effects of mindfulness on self-reflection (p < 0.01), self-reflection on styles of decision-making (p < 0.05) and mindfulness on styles of decision-making (p < 0.01) and Moreower, there are significant indirect effects of mindfulness on styles of decision-making through self-reflection (p < 0.01). According to the study it can be concluded that mindfulness both directly and through self-reflection, can affect efficient decision-making style.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- mindfulness
- style of decision-making
- employees of gas refining company
- self-reflection
Alfonso, J. P., Caracuel, A., Delgado-Pastor, L. C., & Verdejo-García, A. (2011). Combined goal management training and mindfulness meditation improve executive functions and decision-making performance in abstinent polysubstance abusers. Drug alcohol dependence, 117(1), 78-81.
Allen, T. D., & Kiburz, K. M. (2012). Trait mindfulness and work–family balance among working parents: The mediating effects of vitality and sleep quality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 372–379. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.09.002
Alvan, M. (2005). Decision and the state lines. Tehran: Publication of books, reading and editing of Humanities University.
Bishop, S. R. (2002). What do we really know about mindfulness-based stress reduction? Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 71-84.
Bohlmeijer, E., Prenger, R., Taal, E., & Cuijpers, P. (2010). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on mental health of adults with a chronic disease: A meta-analysis. Journal of PsychosomaticResearch, 68, 539–544. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.10.005.
Brown, B. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848.
Campitelli, G., & Labollita, M. (2010). Correlations of cognitive reflection with judgments and choices. Judgment and Decision Making, 5, 182-191. Retrieved from http://journal.sjdm.org/vol5.3.html
Crossley, C. D., & Highhouse, S. (2005). “Relation of job search and choice process with subsequent satisfaction”. Journal of Economic Psychology, 26(2), 255-268.
Dane, E. (2011). Paying attention to mindfulness and its effects on task performance in the workplace. Journal of Management, 37, 997–1018. doi:10.1177/0149206310367948.
Dekker, SW. (2001). The disembodiment of data in the analysis of human factors accidents. HumanFactors and Aerospace Safety, 1(1), 39-57.
Diehl, A. (1991). The effectiveness of training programs for preventing aircrew 'error'. International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 6th, Columbus, OH.
Donovan, S. J., Güss, C. D., & Naslund, D. (2015). Improving dynamic decision making through training and self-reflection. Judgment and Decision Making, 10(4), 284-295.
Dörner, D. (1996). The logic of failure: Recognizing and avoiding error in complex situations. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books.
Feggetter, A. (1991). editor The development of an intelligent human factors data base as anaid for the investigation of aircraft accidents. International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 6 th, Columbus, OH.
Giluk, T. L. (2009). Mindfulness, Big Five Personality, and Affect: A Meta-Analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 805-811.
Glomb, T. M., Duffy, M. K., Bono, J. E., & Yang, T. (2011). Mindfulness at work. In J. Martocchio, H. Liao, & A. Joshi (Eds.), Research inpersonnel and human resource management (pp. 115–157). doi: 10.1108/S0742-7301(2011)0000030005.
Golpour, R., & Amini, Z. M. (2012). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on improving mindfulness and increasing expression in students with test anxiety. Journal of School Psychology, 1(3), 82-100.
Golpour, R., & Soleimani, I. (2011). "Mindfulness; A New Approach to the Theory and Treatment of Mental Disorders ”. Tehran, Jihad Daneshgahi Publishing Center.
Grant, A.M., Franklin, J., Langford, P. (2002). The self-reflection and insight scale: a new measure of private self-consciousness. Soc. Behav. Personal. 30 (8), 821–836.
Güss, C. D., Evans, J., Murray, D., & Schaub, H. (2009). Conscious versus unconscious processing in dynamic decisionmaking tasks. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 53, 227–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905300414.
Hoy, K. W. & Miskel, G. C. (2008). Educational Administration: Theory, Research, and Practice (8th Ed.). New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.
Hülsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J., Feinholdt, A., & Lang, J. W. (2013). Benefits of mindfulness at work: the role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 310- 325.
Indranil, C. (2008). Examining the effects of cognitive style in individuals’ technology use decision making. Decision Support Systems 45, 228-241.
Irving, J. A., Dobkin, P. L., & Park, J. (2009). Cultivating mindfulness in health care professionals: A review of empirical studies of mindfulnessbased stress reduction (MBSR). Complementary Therapies in ClinicalPractice, 15, 61–66. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.01.002
Jafar Tabar, A. (2014). The role of personality deviation, risk perception and self-reflection in predicting motivation and attitude toward treatment in drug dependent individuals. MA. Dissertation of General Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University. [Persian]
Jensen, R. S. (1997). The boundaries of aviation psychology, human factors, aeronautical decision making, situation awareness, and crew resource management. The international journal of aviationpsychology, 7(4), 259-67.
Jokar, B., & Rahimi, M. (2013). Effect of emotion of anger and cognitive styles on the decision making process by mediating metacognitive tendencies: Providing an integrated model in decision making. Journal of Educational Psychology, 27, 67-99. [Persian]
Kabat‐Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness‐based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 10(2), 144-156.
Kariuki, S.G. & LÃwe, K. (2007). "Integrating human factors into process hazard analysis,"Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, 92(12), 1764-1773.
Leahy, R. L., Tirch, D. D., & Napolitano, L. (2011). Why is emotion regulation important? (Eds.) Emotion regulation in psychotherapy: A practitioner’s guide. Published by The Guilford Press.
Locke, E. A. & Latham, G.P. (2006). New directions in goal setting theory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 265–268. doi:10.1111/j.1467- 8721.2006.00449.x
Moghaddam, A. Tehrani, M. (2008). "Investigating the relationship between decision making styles of public managers in the final state organizations". Journal of Public Management, (1) 1, 138-121.
Nejati, V., Zabihzadeh, A., & Nikfarjam, M. R. (2012). The relationship between mindfulness and functions of sustainable and selective attention. Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences Research, 2 (2), 31-42.
Osman, M. (2010). Controlling uncertainty: A review of human behavior in complex dynamic environments. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 65-86. doi:10.1037/a0017815.
Ramnarayan, S., Strohschneider, S., & Schaub, H. (1997). The trappings of expertise and the pursuit of failure. Simulation and Gaming, 28, 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1177/1046878197281004.
Ryan, R. M., & Brown, K. W. (2003). Why We Don’t Need Self-Esteem: on Fundamental Need, Contingent Love, and Mindfulness. Psychological Inquiry, 14(1), 27-82.
Sanders, R. L., & McKeown, L. (2008). Promoting reflection through action learning in a 3D virtual world. International Journal of Social Sciences, 2, 50-55. Retrieved at http://search.ebscohost.com.
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1995). “Decision-making style: The development and assessment of a new measure”. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(5), 818-831.
Shapiro, S. L., Jazaier, H., & Goldin, P. (2012). Mindfulness-based stress reduction effects on moral reasoning and decision making. Publisher: Routledge.
Thunholm, P. (2004), “Decision–Making Style: habit, style or both? “, Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 932-933.
Zare, H., & Arab Sheibani, K. (2012). Reliability and validity of Decision-Making Styles Questionnaire in Iranian students. Psychological Research, 2(14), 112-126. [Persian]
